Targeting eosinophils in respiratory diseases: Biological axis, emerging therapeutics and treatment modalities

Li-yen Lee, Geena Suet Yin Hew, Meenu Mehta, Shakti D. Shukla, Saurabh Satija, Navneet Khurana, Krishnan Anand, Harish Dureja, Sachin Kumar Singh, Vijay Mishra, Pankaj Kumar Singh, Monica Gulati, Parteek Prasher, Alaa A.a. Aljabali, Murtaza M. Tambuwala, Lakshmi Thangavelu, Jithendra Panneerselvam, Gaurav Gupta, Flavia C. Zacconi, Madhur ShastriNiraj Kumar Jha, Dikaia Xenaki, Ronan Macloughlin, Brian G. Oliver, Dinesh Kumar Chellappan, Kamal Dua

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

14 Citations (Scopus)
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Abstract

Eosinophils are bi-lobed, multi-functional innate immune cells with diverse cell surface receptors that regulate local immune and inflammatory responses. Several inflammatory and infectious diseases are triggered with their build up in the blood and tissues. The mobilization of eosinophils into the lungs is regulated by a cascade of processes guided by Th2 cytokine generating T-cells. Recruitment of eosinophils essentially leads to a characteristic immune response followed by airway hyperresponsiveness and remodeling, which are hallmarks of chronic respiratory diseases. By analysing the dynamic interactions of eosinophils with their extracellular environment, which also involve signaling molecules and tissues, various therapies have been invented and developed to target respiratory diseases. Having entered clinical testing, several eosinophil targeting therapeutic agents have shown much promise and have further bridged the gap between theory and practice. Moreover, researchers now have a clearer understanding of the roles and mechanisms of eosinophils. These factors have successfully assisted molecular biologists to block specific pathways in the growth, migration and activation of eosinophils. The primary purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the eosinophil biology with a special emphasis on potential pharmacotherapeutic targets. The review also summarizes promising eosinophil-targeting agents, along with their mechanisms and rationale for use, including those in developmental pipeline, in clinical trials, or approved for other respiratory disorders.
Original languageEnglish
Article number118973
Number of pages26
JournalLife Sciences
Volume267
Early online date2 Jan 2021
DOIs
Publication statusPublished (in print/issue) - 15 Feb 2021

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank the School of Pharmacy , International Medical University , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and the Graduate School of Health , University of Technology Sydney , Australia. Kamal Dua is supported by a project grant from Rebecca L. Cooper Medical Research Foundation and Sydney Partnership for Health, Education, Research and Enterprise.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier Inc.

Copyright:
Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

Keywords

  • Respiratory diseases
  • Pulmonary
  • Eosinophils
  • Targeted therapies
  • Immunity
  • Lung
  • Lung/metabolism
  • Eosinophils/drug effects
  • Humans
  • Cytokines/immunology
  • Th2 Cells/immunology
  • Animals
  • Respiration Disorders/immunology
  • Respiratory Tract Diseases/immunology

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